This is x86 assembler. (Actually, looking at the register names, it’s probably x86_64. On old school x86, they were named something like al, ah (8 bit), ax (16 bit), or eax (32 bit).) Back in the old days, when you pressed a key on the keyboard, the keyboard controller would generate a hardware interrupt, which, unless masked, would immediately make the CPU jump to a registered interrupt handler, interrupting whatever else it was doing at the point. That interrupt handler would then usually save all registers on the stack, communicate with the keyboard controller to figure out what exactly happened, react to that, restore the old registers again and then jump back to where the CPU was before.

In modern times, USB keyboards are periodically actively polled instead.

Wie kommt das Gas denn überhaupt noch durch? Ich dachte, die wesentlichen Pipelines wären inzwischen alle zu oder zerstört?

IMHO, it was a mistake to make USB block storage use the same line of names also used for local hard disks. Sure, the block device drivers for USB mass storage internally hook into the SCSI subsystem to provide block level access, and that’s why the drives are called sd[something], but why should I as an end user have to care about that? A USB drive is very much not the same thing for me as a SCSI harddisk. A NVMe drive on the other hand, kinda sorta is, at least from a practical purpose point of view, yet NVMe drives get a completely different naming scheme.

That aside, suggest you use lsblk before dd.