Zakat is probably the most progressive thing from within that system for its time, but note that banning interest doesn’t automatically make it better in that regard — shariah-compliant options still need to manage risk and they do that by simply charging higher upfront (compared to interest options), amongst other means.

Metaphysically, poor people have also had the religion weaponized against them by saying that they are poor because of their actions or those of their forefathers, etc, and that this is divine judgment. It was essentially used to justify the riches of the rich.